Can bodyweight training build muscle?
Yes. Push-ups, pull-ups, dips, split squats, lunges, hip thrusts, inverted rows, and more challenging progressions can build muscle when sets are challenging enough and progressed over time.
The limitation is progression. Some movements become too easy unless you add load, change leverage, increase range of motion, slow tempo, add pauses, or use more demanding variations. Lower-body training can be especially difficult to load with bodyweight alone.
Bodyweight training is real training when it is planned, tracked, and progressed. It is random exercise when it is just a list of movements.